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surgeons to stand in single leg, static posture. In general, opt for hand-controlled instruments. If they're not available, be sure foot pedals are placed so surgeons don't extend when reaching for them.
Table height
The optimal table height for laparoscopic surgery is lower than for open surgery: When positioned, the table should place instrument handles at the surgeon's elbow height or 10cm below elbow height. Ensure the table is properly adjusted both at the start of the case and as the procedure progresses — the ideal height when the patient is lying flat is not the same as when the patient is in Trendelenburg. Generally, set the table so surgeons are able to keep their arms at right angles, so the wrists are relatively
