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References: 1. Berde CB, Strichartz GR. Local anesthetics. In: Miller RD, Cohen NH, Eriksson LI, Fleisher LA, Wiener-Kronish JP, Young WL, eds. Miller's Anesthesia. Vol 2. 8th ed. Philadelphia,
PA: Saunders; 2015:1012-1054.e4. 2. Carvalho B, Clark DJ, Yeomans DC, Angst MS. Continuous subcutaneous instillation of bupivacaine compared to saline reduces interleukin 10 and
increases substance P in surgical wounds after cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg. 2010;111(6):1452-1459. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181f579de. 3. Kim J, Burke SM, Kryzanski JT, et al.
The role of liposomal bupivacaine in reduction of postoperative pain after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a clinical study. World Neurosurg. 2016;91:460-467. doi:10.1016/j.
wneu.2016.04.058. 4. Becker DE, Reed KL. Essentials of local anesthetic pharmacology. Anesth Progress. 2006;53(3):98-109. doi:10.2344/0003-3006(2006)53[98:EOLAP]2.0.CO;2.
5. Svensson I, Sjöström B, Haljamäe H. Assessment of pain experiences after elective surgery. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2000;20(3):193-201. doi:10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00174-3.
When it comes to non-opioid postoperative pain relief,
duration is everything. However, because of the body's
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work beyond 12 to 24 hours.
1-4
With severe pain often lasting beyond 24 hours, health
care providers rely on opioids to pick up where local
anesthetics leave off.
5
But opioids come with a cost.
Shouldn't we expect more from local anesthetics?
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