geons view when operating. The virtual track guides their movements
as they maneuver instruments more confidently and, presumably,
more efficiently.
Surgeons are also using virtual reality to assist in surgical planning.
For example, virtual reality and simulation technology are becoming
more integrated, letting surgeons practice operating on the precise
anatomy of individual patients before doing so for real on the day of
surgery. During pre-op planning, orthopedic surgeons use 3D images
of the joint anatomy they're going to repair or replace to plot out how
the surgery is expected to go. They're able to develop and enhance a
surgical plan well in advance of the actual surgery.
Laparoscopic and ophthalmic surgeons can now operate with
heads-up 3D imaging displays that provide enhanced views of the sur-
gical field and alleviate some of the physical strain surgeons in the
two specialties are often forced to endure as they remain in static
positions while holding laparoscopic instruments or peering through
the oculars of surgical microscopes. Surgeons who aren't dealing with
chronic pain can focus more on the task at hand and could be more
mentally and physically prepared to perform surgery faster.
Robotic systems are becoming less cumbersome, more compact
and less expensive, points out Dr. Lanzafame. He says surgical robots
are leveling the playing field among abdominal, urologic and orthope-
dic specialists by improving the skills of novice surgeons and poten-
tially letting experienced surgeons operate more efficiently. The
application of robotic assistance is increasing in orthopedics and
abdominal surgery as a growing number of surgeons are becoming
aware of the technology's benefits and market competition drives
down the cost of streamlined platforms. Surgeons who adopt robotic-
assisted surgery must endure a brief learning curve, but then often
perform more effective and efficient procedures.
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