decrease in resolution was more limiting than the increase in depth
perception."
Typically used in video microscopes with heads-up displays, 4K-3D
technology promises more accurate surgery by providing high-resolu-
tion 3D imaging of the structure of tissue, blood vessels and other
parts of the anatomy. On the 4K-3D system Dr. Bederson uses, the
images can be displayed on both the eyepiece of the microscope and
an ultra-high-definition video monitor. Dr. Bederson notes that not
only does the technology boast detailed views of the surgical field, but
it also has the ability to integrate with other standalone technologies,
overlaying data from surgical navigation systems, CT scans, MRI
scans and even virtual reality technology on the image of the surgical
field to guide surgeons and help them avoid delicate anatomical struc-
tures.
Rafael Grossmann, MD, FACS, a general surgeon and healthcare
innovator in Bangor, Maine, notes that while 3D imaging may help
some surgeons and can "look real" on the screen, it's still hard to
define what, if any, benefits it provides in terms of outcomes or surgi-
cal accuracy.
Though Dr. Bederson says that he uses the 4K-3D microscope for
complex procedures such as removal of deep-seated brain tumors or
treating aneurysms, the technology could also be used for routine cer-
vical and lumbar spine cases, like discectomies. Dr. Bederson notes
the technology is still a "very high-tech, expensive platform," but with
more manufacturers looking at how to incorporate 4K-3D images into
surgical specialties, he sees it becoming more commonplace.
"The expense is on the microscope side," he explains. "4K-3D comes
down to a camera and a flat screen. If you take out the video aspect
of things, you could reduce the price significantly. I have a feeling
once the technology is used routinely, it will facilitate increased safety
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